This paper analyzes the way in which the idea of masculinity and possible solu­tions to its perceived crisis are presented in the science‑fiction novel Spartan Planet (1968) by Arthur Bertram Chandler. At the center of this novel is a sepa­rate male single‑sex society, in which the opposite sex remains an unknown concept. The men’s planet is modeled after the ancient Sparta, and its society is strongly based on the old mythological archetypes of manhood. Arguably, the concept of a mythologized single‑sex society may serve some writers as a tool to explore gender differences but also to propose mythological reinterpretations of masculinity. Such a portrayal may also be interpreted within the historical context of second‑wave feminism, as an attempt to find the inner male self – the so‑called “Deep Masculine”–by revitalizing the ancient, mythologized, instinc­tive male world. On the other hand, in Spartan Planet the possible mythological reinterpretations of masculinity are being criticized by the novel given its dys­topian characteristics and the irony. Arguably, in the case of Chandler’s text mythologized men‑only worlds is used to ironically criticize masculinists sepa­ratist ideas, misogynist tendencies and antifeminist backlash.